calabria earthquake

We excavated a 4 m deep pit (pit 3) within this terrace, finding a continuous lacustrine‐marsh sequence dated back to 4799–4673 B.C. The historical description of the surficial breaks allowed us the identification of the causative fault (and of the physic epicenter) running inside the mountainous uninhabited area. View looking north along CLF. Unit 4 contains a piece of charcoal dated 3630–3381 B.C. Its kinematics, as deduced by field evidence, is mainly normal, but with a not negligible horizontal slip. Note the pond formed by the uprising footwall; the water level has been partly lowered by the native‐born workers who cut the fault scarp/threshold. Poro and 1908 (Ms = 7.3) Messina earthquakes (parameters derived from Working Group CPTI [1999, Figure 1]). Units 3–5 are colluvial deposits, mainly composed by gravel to coarse sands, which are difficult to correlate one to each other across the several fault planes. by Di Somma [1641, and just referred by late authors] appears unexpectedly long for a Me = 6.7 earthquake; it could be exaggerated or, more probably, bad typeset from Di Somma's original manuscript (e.g., in 1600s Italian manuscripts we ascertained that the cursive “2” and “6” are quite similar). This trial, based on the observation that I = 11 MCS is commonly reached by villages located close to faults with dimension similar to LF [e.g., Galadini and Galli, 2000; Galli and Bosi, 2002], provides reasonable parameters to the June event, which we included in Table 1. Unfortunately, this was also doomed to disappear after the last serious seismic activity registered in Reggio Calabria (1908). With a … list of some other Earthquakes and horrible accidents which have heretofore happened in England, Late thrust propagation and sedimentary response in the thrust‐belt–foredeep system of the Southern Apennines (Pliocene–Pleistocene), in Anatomy of an Orogen: The Apennines and Adjacent Mediterranean Basins, De novo in universa Calabriae terraemotu congeminatus nuncius, Relazione del terremoto successo nelle province di Calabria di 8 giugno 1638, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, ms. Barberini Latini 4336, Il terremoto del 9 giugno 1638: analisi delle fonti storiche ed interpretazione sismotettonica, Report on the surface ruptures of the Taiwan earthquake on Sept. 20, 1999, Mediterranean sea surface radiocarbon reservoir age changes since the last glacial maximum, Grandi frane e deformazioni gravitative profonde di versante della Calabria. Nevertheless, the lack of historical seismicity in the Sila massif should not imply the nonexistence of active structures. EH4 could be thus tentatively dated quite before 1892–1603 B.C., the age of a charcoal (CAG01) collected inside unit 8. However, this trench provides information on older events of surface faulting; starting from the oldest, a paleoevent is evidenced by the faulting of unit 9 (fault C) (EH4), sealed by unit 8. In this site, the fault offsets lacustrine clayey deposits (foreground) and slope‐derived breccias (background). Unit 5, a green coarse silty sand, lays over ES1, passing upward to a sandy gravel with angular clasts (unit 4) and coarse gravel lenses. We relate this event to the 1638 earthquake (EH1). LF (trending NW‐SE) cuts the eastern sector of the Sila massif and dips southwestward, damming the drainage network that runs toward the Ionian Sea. Oceanography, Interplanetary Sketch of trench 3, excavated in the northern Cagno basin. Moreover, the coseismic footwall uplift and the consequent barrage of the basin outlet (see Figures 4 and 9) likely caused the raising of the water table and the growth of a marsh environment in the hangingwall (currently controlled by the owner of the field). The collapse of the dams of the Ampollino and Cecita lakes, due to their impressive capacity, would trigger a hydrological disaster in a vast inhabited area downstream both basins. [81] Assuming that we do not miss any event of surface faulting, according to data summarized in Figure 16, we suggest a recurrence period of about 0.8–1 ka for this structure. This outcrop is visible only during the low‐standing levels of the lake (i.e., during maintenance works at the dam). One of the most relevant innovations introduced in this field was the massive use of the reinforced concrete in the construction of buildings. [64] As for the parameter of the June event, on the basis of the evaluated intensities datapoints (Table 2), we obtained a macroseismic equivalent magnitude (Boxer program) [Gasperini, 1999] of Me = 6.68 and a fault length of 31 km. The central strand of LF is drawn together with the four trenching sites. High-resolution morpho-bathymetric imaging of the Messina Strait (Southern Italy). The Neogene–Quaternary evolution of the Calabrian arc induced a zone of crustal disequilibrium at the boundary between the uplifting Aspromonte–Sila mountain chain (25–45 km thick continental crust) [Ghisetti and Vezzani, 1982] and the subsiding Tyrrhenian basin (10 km thick crust of suboceanic composition) (Figure 2) [Finetti and Morelli, 1973], causing extensional faulting in the imbricate systems of the thrust belt since lower Pliocene time. Quantitative morphology of bedrock fault surfaces and identification of paleo-earthquakes. (i.e., 1638 A.D., event horizon EH1). Data coming from Trench 1 suggest also an event occurring slightly before or around the 3rd century B.C., while, according to the interpretation made in trench 3, other two probable similar events occurred in the 12th and 21th century B.C., respectively. Costanza Gueragni Nolli kindly examined the lamp glass. [71] In this framework, the discovery of LF, and its relationships with the neighboring faults and with the historical seismicity provide new important data that radically change both the historical database and the geometry of the seismogenetic zones. Fossil cryogenic features in paleosols of southern Italy: Characteristics and paleoclimatic significance. Spunti per la definizione di un approccio storico alla valutazione della completezza, INTCAL98 radiocarbon age calibration, 24,000‐0 cal, Recent and active tectonics in the Calabrian arc (Southern Italy), Radiocarbon Geochronology, Quaternary Geochronology: Methods and Applications, Neotectonic rotations in the Calabrian Arc: Implication for a Pliocene–Recent geodynamic scenario for the Central Mediterranean, Vera relatione del spaventevole terremoto successo alli 27 di marzo sù le 21 hore, nelle provincie di Calabria Citra, & Ultra, Proposal for the National Seismic Reclassification, A hybrid recurrence model and its implication on seismic hazard. On the other hand, the discovery of LF, together with CLF, dramatically influences the geometry and the parameter of the some seismogenetic zones of the region [i.e., zone 67 in Meletti et al., 2000] (see Figure 17), which are mainly based on the June 1638 macroseismic epicenter [Camassi and Stucchi, 1997] and on the location of the Marchesato faults (Figures 3 and 17). Differently from southern Calabria, where all major earthquakes have been related to primary NE‐SW normal faults (7–9 in Figure 1) [see Tortorici et al., 1995; Jacques et al., 2001; Galli and Bosi, 2002], the northern Calabria seismogenetic framework is still poorly constrained and debated. View looking north along LF scarp in the northernmost Cagno basin, where we opened trench 3. [9] As shown in Figure 1, the sector resting between the Catanzaro and the Sibari straits is affected by a M ≤ 6 seismicity, which is commonly linked to the Crati basin normal faults (2 in Figure 1). The catastrophic 27 March event struck a thickly populated area between the high Crati Valley and the Catanzaro strait area, while the second one devastated the Ionian hillslope of the Sila massif. The 14 July 2018 magnitude 4.5 southern Calabria earthquake was the only earthquake of magnitude over 4 occurring since 1985 in the same area and depth range (30–70 km) of the 1905 magnitude 7.5 earthquake previously imputed to rupture of the upper part of the Ionian subducting slab. Join the discussion on Facebook or Twitter and find more about temblor, tremor or quakes that have occurred in Reggio Calabria quakes. Slip rate, deduced from individual offset and long‐term displacement, was estimated to be in the order of 1.2 mm/yr. [83] Finally, the presence of important barrier lakes across LF and CLF are a further element of hydrological risk in case of earthquake. This retreat was characterized by slip vectors largely exceeding the average plate convergence rate in the Central Mediterranean region during Neogene and Quaternary times [Patacca and Scandone, 2001, and references therein]. Analysis of deformation structures in Pliocene and Quaternary deposits of the Hyblean Plateaux (south-eastern Sicily). The arrow in the background indicates the fault trace, which is evidenced by a 2–10 m high scarp (Colle della Giumenta area) (see. It has always been one of the focal points for strategic trade as well as control of the Mediterranean Sea. Earthquakes have thus always been a frequent phenomenon in the Strait of Messina and as a result Reggio directly suffered from countless damages derived from the effects of these natural catastrophes throughout its history: this is one of the main reasons why the city is characterized by a relatively modern urban settlement: today’s most famous buildings mainly date from the last century. Inside a wide area indicated by the contemporary sources, we individuated a previously unknown fault, whose footwall dams small and large streams, creating lakes and ponds (Lakes fault (LF)). According to some authors [Westaway, 1993; van Dijk and Scheepers, 1995], the rapid uplift and the extensional faulting in the Calabrian Arc during late Pleistocene to Recent are a result of the isostatic rebound that occurred when the detached remnants of the ruptured slab started to sink, whereas the nondetached portion rapidly unbent, and elastically bounced upwards (e.g., Figure 2). How lithospheric subduction changes along the Calabrian Arc in southern Italy: geophysical evidences. We opened four trenches close to or inside some of the small marshes and ponds created by the footwall uplift, finding evidence of several displacement events, the last one being the June 1638 earthquake (M = 6.7). Seguiti questo presente anno 1638, alli 27 di marzo, Pietro Nesti, Firenze, Descriptive relation of the terrible earthquake of Calabria of the 27 March 1638 (in Polish), Varszawa, Geomorphological scheme of the River Trionto basin, in Symposium on Geomorphology of Active Tectonics Areas, Dreadfull newes: or a true relation of the great, violent and late earthquake. Hapned the 27 day of March, stilo romano, last, at Calabria, in the Kingdome of Naples, about the houres of three and foure in the afternoone, tot the over‐trow and mine of many Cities, Townes, and Castles, and the death of about fifty thousand persone, Geophysical study of the Tyrrhenian opening, Geophysical exploration of the Mediterranean Sea, Active tectonics in the central Apennines (Italy): Input data for seismic hazard assessment, Active tectonics along the Wadi Araba–Jordan Valley transform fault, Paleoseismology along the Cittanova fault: Implications for seismotectonics and earthquake recurrence in Calabria (southern Italy), Seismotectonic framework of the 1997–98 Umbria‐Marche (Central Italy) earthquakes, Different styles of deformation in the Calabrian Arc (Southern Italy): Implication for a seismotectonic zoning, Dynamic models of subduction: Geophysical and geological evidence in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Lithospheric boudinage in the western Mediterranean back‐arc basins, Carta Geologica della Calabria alla scala di 1:25.000, Faulting and earthquake triggering during the 1783 Calabria seismic sequence, Detecting Holocene changes in thermohaline circulation, Weathering patterns in the Sila massif (northern Calabria, Italy), Construction of a seismotectonic model: The case of Italy, DOM 4.1 an intensity database of damaging earthquakes in the Italian area, Active faulting in the Calabrian arc and eastern Sicily, Note sull'evoluzione tettono‐stratigrafica del Bacino Crotonese dopo la fine del Miocene, Il database delle faglie capaci della Calabria, in Le ricerche del GNDT nel campo della pericolosità sismica (1996–1999), Tettonica dal Messiniano ad oggi in Calabria: Implicazioni sulla geodinamica del sistema Tirreno‐Arco Calabro, Paleoseismological evidence of repeated large earthquakes along the 1980 Irpinia earthquake fault, Ragionamento intorno alla cagione de' tremuoti, A True and Terrible Narration of a horrible Earthquake which happened in the Province of Calabria…upon the 27 of March last past according to Foraigne account, and by our English computation the 17…From pregnant atestation written in English verse by M. Parker.

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