Some distinctive habitat types in the Chihuahuan Desert include yucca woodlands, playas, gypsum dunes, and a diverse array of freshwater habitats. The Chihuahuan Desert is one of the richest desert areas in the world in terms of biological diversity. Along the way they help cross-pollinate thousands of plants, including numerous cacti species in the Chihuahuan Desert. The Chihuahuan Desert of northern Mexico is a continentally important wintering area for grassland birds – the most rapidly declining group of birds in North America. Extending from the southeastern US states of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas deep into central Mexico, the Chihuahuan Desert offers a kaleidoscope of textures and colours that shape its unique landscapes. The cacti and other plants are a crucial part of the desert ecosystem, providing shelter and food for birds, bats and other animals. Unfortunately, the Chihuahuan Desert Ecoregion is also one of the most endangered regions in the world. Shared by two nations, the Chihuahuan Desert Ecoregion is isolated from adjacent arid regions by two mountain ranges, the Sierra Madre Occidental to the west and the Sierra Madre Oriental to the east. Approximately 1,000 of the plant species grow only in this ecoregion. However, the Candelilla continues to be exploited using the same techniques as have been used for nearly a century. View our Cookie Policy. Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. Vast desert grasslands and a wide variety of yuccas and agaves, including many endemic species, also make this desert extremely unique. The Chihuahuan is home to about 345 of the world's 1,500 cactus species. Come out to the Chihuahuan Desert Nature Center & Botanical Gardens to hike the trails, stroll through the botanical gardens, enjoy the cactus & succulent collection, explore the mining exhibit, see who's flown in at the bird blind, or simply enjoy the view from the porch! The lowest elevation in the desert territory is 300 m (984 ft), although the largest part of its extension is between 1,000 m (3,280 ft) and 1,500 m (4,920 ft) above sea level. Chihuahuan is home to more than 130 mammals, 3,000 plant species (1,000 are endemic), over 500 bird species and 110 native freshwater fish. Local people also rely on cacti for medicinal use, such as a traditional Mexican arthritis treatment. It's dependent on the elevation. Annual precipitation ranges from 150 to 500 mm (approximately 6 to 20 inches), with a large part of the rain falling in the form of monsoonal rains during the summer months. The Chihuahuan Desert is home to more than 170 species of amphibians and reptiles. These mountain ranges keep the moist currents of the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean from bringing rain to the region, which is the principal cause for the desert conditions in the region. Annual rainfall is less than 350 mm (14 in), with 8 to 12 dry months and only occasional rains during the months of January, February, July, August and September. Such is the case of the Candelilla plant. The Ecoregion supports around 400 bird species comprised mostly of widespread and common species with few endemics. The climate includes hot summers and cool to cold, dry winters. It is estimated that there are currently 3,500 small producers of Candelilla wax on 230 farms in 33 municipalities in the rural northeastern part of Mexico. Although a desert might be conceptualized as an island of aridity surrounded by better watered lands, deserts—unlike real islands—do not have distinct boundaries for all to see. The Chihuahuan Desert grasslands serve as wintering grounds for a large proportion of North American Great Plains birds including a number of significantly declining species such as mountain plover, ferruginous hawk, and Baird’s sparrow. This desert has its particular types of plant-life. The eastern boundary of the Chihuahuan Desert is one of the oldest and richest centers of plant evolution on the North American continent. Some distinctive habitat types in the Chihuahuan Desert include yucca woodlands, playas, gypsum dunes, and a diverse array of freshwater habitats. The Chihuahuan Desert supports a large number of wide-ranging mammals (more than 130 species) such as the mule deer, pronghorn, jaguar, javelina, and grey fox. The basin and range topography of the Chihuahuan Desert consists of broad desert valleys (basins) bordered by terraces, mesas, and mountains (ranges). As the area became more dry, species experienced isolation, differentiation, and sometimes extinction which led to the unique Chihuahuan flora and fauna of today. The desert extends to the United States, over the southeast portions of the states of Arizona, New Mexico and the south of Texas. The Chihuahuan Desert, the largest desert area in North America, extends over more than 450,000 km2 (174,000 mi2) with approximate dimensions of 1,280 km by 400 km (800 mi by 250 mi). It harbors North America's largest remaining black-tailed prairie dog complex on the continent and the only populations of the endemic Mexican prairie dog.

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