Filippo Brunelleschi, (born 1377, Florence [Italy]—died April 15, 1446, Florence), architect and engineer who was one of the pioneers of early Renaissance architecture in Italy. San Lorenzo was also the parish church of the Medici family. The first major theorist of Renaissance art, Leon Battista Alberti, writing in 1450, declared that, since classical times, according to such authorities Cicero and Plato, white was the only color suitable for a temple or church, and praised "the purity and simplicity of the color, like that of life. [26], Detail of the classical pilasters of the Sacristy, The Pazzi Chapel was commissioned in about 1429 by Andrea Pazzi to serve as the Chapter House, or meeting place of the monks of the Monastery of Santa Croce. Furthermore, the stresses of compression were not clearly understood, and the mortars used in the period would set only after several days, keeping the strain on the scaffolding for a long time. Brunelleschi won the competition and designed the structure and a built the base for the lantern, but he did not live long enough to see its final installation atop the dome. [15], St. John the Evangelist, Altar of Saint at Church of San Zeno, Pistoia (1399–1400), Prophet Jeremiah detail of altarpiece, Church of San Zeno, Pistoia (1399–1400), The Prophet Isaiah, Church of San Zeno, Pistoia detail of altarpiece (1399–1400), The Sacrifice of Isaac, Brunelleschi's competition project for a door panel of the Baptistry of Florence (1401), Owing to a resurgence of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture during the Early Renaissance, artists began to hold the art of Greco-Roman antiquity in higher regard than the formal and less lifelike style of the medieval period, which was largely dominated by Byzantine art. It was larger than the dome of the ancient Pantheon, or any other dome in Europe, and no dome of that size had been built since antiquity. Although Brunelleschi never married, he adopted a son, Andrea di Lazzaro Cavalcanti, called Buggiano, who later became an artist. The results were compositions with accurate perspective, as seen through a mirror. The cathedral complex, located in Piazza del Duomo, includes the Baptistery and Giotto's Campanile. Updates? The machines that Brunelleschi invented for the construction of the soaring dome of the Duomo and its lantern (a structure set on top of the dome to help illuminate the interior) and his scheme for the construction itself represent his greatest feats of technological ingenuity. The young Filippo was given a literary and mathematical education intended to enable him to follow in the footsteps of his father.
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