[citation needed], Varieties of Hindi spoken in India include Rajasthani, Braj Bhasha, Haryanvi, Bundeli, Kannauji, Hindustani, Awadhi, Bagheli, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Nagpuri and Chhattisgarhi. [citation needed] It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and was the first Indian language to be declared a classical language by the Government of India in 2004. According to UNESCO, 43% of the languages spoken in the world today are vulnerable or in danger of extinction. Separate figures for Hindi, Urdu, and Punjabi were not issued, due to the fact the returns were intentionally recorded incorrectly in states such as East Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, PEPSU, and Bilaspur. It is also an official language in the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. [28][29], The first official survey of language diversity in the Indian subcontinent was carried out by Sir George Abraham Grierson from 1898 to 1928. Silver coin issued during the reign of Rudra Singha with Assamese inscriptions. The National Manuscripts Mission of India have found around 213,000 unearthed and preserved manuscripts written in Odia.[123]. R Zydenbos in Cushman S, Cavanagh C, Ramazani J, Rouzer P. Yadava, Y. P. (2013). [24], Other languages such as Arabic, German, French, Japanese, Mandarin and Korean are non-native to Indonesia. Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language. However, all the boards of education across India recognise the need for training people to one common language. The largest of the language families represented in India, in terms of speakers, is the Indo-Aryan language family, a branch of the Indo-Iranian family, itself the easternmost, extant subfamily of the Indo-European language family. Indigenous languages in Canada show great diversity in their structures. [22], The Southern Indian languages are from the Dravidian family. Over a period of many centuries the Marathi language and people came into contact with many other languages and dialects. "[65], Article 343 (1) of the Constitution of India states "The Official Language of the Union government shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The languages in bold are scheduled languages (the only scheduled language with less than 1 million native speakers is Sanskrit). [citation needed] The British introduced the use of Roman script for Hindustani as well as other languages. List of the indigenous American peoples featured on our site [134], In 2004, the Government of India declared that languages that met certain requirements could be accorded the status of a "Classical Language" of India. [2] According to 2001 Census, 53.6% of the Indian population declared that they speak Hindi as either their first or second language, in which 41% of them have declared it as their native language or mother tongue. 780-807. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights, they are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. [65][21], As a result, the proposal was dropped,[70][71] and the Act itself was amended in 1967 to provide that the use of English would not be ended until a resolution to that effect was passed by the legislature of every state that had not adopted Hindi as its official language, and by each house of the Indian Parliament. [citation needed], Various Indian languages have their own scripts. [clarification needed][citation needed], Most languages in India are written in scripts derived from Brahmi. To express disapproval of the imposition of Hindi on its states' people as a result of the central government, the government of Maharashtra made the state language Marathi mandatory in educational institutions of CBSE and ICSE through Class/Grade 10. It reigned as an administrative language for several centuries until the era of British colonisation. Chinese linguistic varieties such as Hokkien, Hakka, and Mandarin are the most common heritage languages. Marathi contains loanwords from Persian, Arabic, English and a little from French & Portuguese languages. The Dravidian languages with the most speakers are Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam. The former refers to a group of regional lingua francas that are thought of as indigenised varieties of Malay or Indonesian. The remaining accounted for a total of 566,000 native speakers (out of a total of 838 million Indians in 1991). Tamil (also spelt as Thamizh: தமிழ்) is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and many parts of Sri Lanka. [26], Persian, or Farsi, was brought into India by the Ghaznavids and other Turko-Afghan dynasties as the court language. on 26 January 1965. Registration open in January, hurry up for scholarships to the Wikieducation Summit in Donostia! Many lesser-used languages operate at a regional level, often relying on a lingua franca for communication and a referential larger culture; it is the aim of this resource to establish common bonds, as well as cooperation, beyond these areas. Indigenous languages of the Americas are spoken by indigenous peoples from Alaska, Nunavut, and Greenland to the southern tip of South America, encompassing the land masses that constitute the Americas.These indigenous languages consist of dozens of distinct language families, as well as many language isolates and unclassified languages.. [51] Only two Dravidian languages are exclusively spoken outside India, Brahui in Pakistan and Dhangar, a dialect of Kurukh, in Nepal. [22][23] Scholars such as Lowenberg argue that English is best seen as an additional language. [32] Sign language users are often ridiculed and stigmatized.[33]. The inscription is dated to the 450 CE - 500 CE period. Hindustani was made the second language of British Indian Empire after English and considered as the language of administration. Telugu is the most widely spoken Dravidian language in India and around the world. Languages spoken in India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians. In British India, English was the sole language used for administrative purposes as well as for higher education purposes. Demographics of indigenous languages of South America by country as of 2012, as reported by Crevels (2012):[1], Jolkesky (2016) lists 43 language families and 66 language isolates (and/or unclassified languages) in South America – a total of 109 independent families and isolates. The languages of India belong to several language families, the most important of which are:[48][6][7][8][49]. Please add your name to the list (by clicking here) if you are interested in participating in Wikimedia Language Diversity or one of its projects. The primary influence of Prakrit, Maharashtri, Dravidian languages, Apabhraṃśa and Sanskrit is understandable. The main language of communication is English, but any other languages are welcome; the goal is to make news and messages as communicative and far-reaching as possible. These include such languages as Ambon Malay, Banjar Malay and Papuan Malay. It is common to hear of incidents that result due to friction between those who strongly believe in the chosen official language, and those who follow the thought that the chosen language(s) do not take into account everyone's preferences. Marathi Language Day (मराठी दिन/मराठी दिवस (transl. The split of Congress politicians from the South from their party stance, the resignation of two Union ministers from the South and the increasing threat to the country's unity forced Shastri to concede. … Eventually, a compromise was reached not to include any mention to a national language. State governments use their respective official languages. [91] Marathi has the third largest number of native speakers in India and ranks 10th in the list of most spoken languages in the world. With the exceptions of Khasi and Santali, all Austroasiatic languages on Indian territory are endangered. High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500–2000 years; a body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers; the literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community; the classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots. Languages thus far declared to be Classical: In a 2006 press release, Minister of Tourism and Culture Ambika Soni told the Rajya Sabha the following criteria were laid down to determine the eligibility of languages to be considered for classification as a "Classical Language",[145].
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