[4] They later proved their worth during the invasion of Algeria in 1942, but their bluff bows made for inadequate speed and pointed out the need for an all-new design incorporating a sleeker hull. Fifteen 40-ton tanks or 27 25-ton tanks could be carried on the tank deck with an additional fourteen lorries on the weather deck.[7]. Thirty-eight LSTs were converted to serve as small hospital ships and designated LSTH. 140 had been completed when the war ended, and some saw service through to the 1970s. These ran on rails down each side of the deck, and were hauled to and fro by means of winches. This is a list of current ships of the United States Navy.There are approximately 430 ships believed to be in active service with the United States Navy, on reserve, or under construction, based on public reports compiled in this list. In Russian there are Large Landing Ships,in the U.S. Navy Hull Designation there are LST (Landing Ship Tank). In the period 6 June to 26 June Allied fighters controlled by the FDTs resulted in the destruction of 52 enemy aircraft by day, and 24 enemy aircraft by night.[16]. While many heavy equipment items, such as main propulsion machinery, were furnished directly by the Navy, the balance of the procurement was handled centrally by the Material Coordinating Agency—an adjunct of the Bureau of Ships—so that the numerous builders in the program would not have to bid against one another. Consequently, construction of LSTs in the immediate post-war years was modest. [17] These were USS LST-16, USS LST-337, USS LST-386, USS LST-525, LST-776, and USS LST-906. These were named after distinguished corps officers: Evan Gibb, Charles Macleod, Maxwell Brander, Snowden Smith, Humfrey Gale, Reginald Kerr, and Fredrick Glover. While these ships were able to carry LCMs, they were only able to carry out loading and unloading operations under nearly ideal weather conditions, and therefore could not be used for assault operations; they also lacked the facilities to maintain the landing craft (which the Dock Landing Ships provided). [8] The LST (2) gave up the speed of HMS Boxer, at only 10 knots, but carried a similar load while drawing only three feet forward when beaching. She was used to transport thousands of soldiers and their equipment from South Korea to South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. The LST had a special flat keel that allowed the ship to be beached and stay upright. The twin propellers and rudders had protection from grounding. Due to the scarcity and expense of merchant shipping it was decided in 1946 that the Royal Army Service Corps civilian fleet should take over seven LSTs from the Royal Navy. Provision was made for carrying the British Landing Craft Assault (LCA) in gravity davits, instead of American assault craft. This includes BRP Laguna (LT-501) (ex-USS LST-230), BRP Zamboanga del Sur (LT-86) ex-USS Marion County (LST-975), BRP Kalinga Apayao (LT-516) (ex-USS Garrett County (LST-786) and BRP Benguet (LT-507) (ex-USS Daviess County (LST-692). At this point ASN were made responsible for the management of twelve Admiralty LST (3)s brought out of reserve as a result of the Suez Crisis too late to see service. It was during World War II that a few experienced men recognised the great potential of landing ships and craft. "Cost of War-Built Vessels, From Inception, From October 25, 1936 to June 30, 1946", "Ground Controlled Interception Radars in Operation Neptune/Overlord: "The Allied Invasion of France" June, 1944", "Flight Strip makes a flattop out of an Invasion Craft", "USS Arizona Memorial: Submerged Cultural Resources Study (Chapter 2)", "USS LST-359 (American Landing ship) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII", "USS LST-348 (American Landing ship) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII", "U.S. Virgin Islands: Lessons In Downtime", "HMS LST 420 (LST 420) of the Royal Navy – British Tank landing ship of the LST (Mk 2) class – Allied Warships of WWII", Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, "Oral Histories – Exercise Tiger, 28 April 1944 (provided by LT Eugene E. Eckstam, medical officer on USS, "Philippine ship dodges China blockade to reach South China Sea outpost", "China's island factory (see last few pages for description, photos and video of Sierra Madre)", "Kumbhir Class, LCU (MK-3) Class, LCU (MK-IV) Class - Indian Navy", "Polnochny Class - Bharat Rakshak :: Indian Navy", NavSource Online: Tank Landing Ship (LST) Index, The American Amphibious Forces Association, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Landing_Ship,_Tank&oldid=986517205, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Double hinged ramp, effective length of 100 ft (30 m), Reciprocating steam engine, 2 shafts, 3,000 shp, Steam turbines, 2 shafts, 7,000 shp (5,200 kW), 9,000 nmi (17,000 km; 10,000 mi) at 14 kn (26 km/h; 16 mph), Twin screws, steam reciprocating engines, 5,500 hp (4,100 kW), 10 ft (3.0 m) propeller, 8 × 20 mm Oerlikon for A/A defence on some ships, Be able to embark and disembark tanks, motor transport, etc., on beaches of varying slopes; and amphibians and. Changes in the later LST-542 class included the addition of a navigation bridge; the installation of a water distillation plant with a capacity of 4,000 gallons per day; the removal of the tank deck ventilator tubes from the center section of the main deck; the strengthening of the main deck in order to carry a smaller Landing Craft Tank (LCT); and an upgrade in armor and armament, with the addition of a 3"/50 caliber gun. By 1943, the construction time for an LST had been reduced to four months. A dedicated Navy "Ferry Command" orchestrated the transportation of newly constructed ships to coastal ports for final fitting out. 1,152 ordered from Nov 41 to the end of the War, Draft: 6'11" forward, 3'5" aft (landing); 4'5" forward, 7'11" aft (full load), Capacity: 5 medium or 3 heavy tanks (150 tons max. The height of the drop was about 10 ft (3.0 m), and immediately after the launch the craft's engines were started and they were ready for operation. A few WW2 type LST's remain in service today, but not in the USA. Lost - and Never Heard of ; Wrecks of the 19th Century; Wrecks of Steam Ships - 1840-92; North Atlantic passenger steamship losses 1841 to 1978; Specific. Preliminary orders were rushed out verbally or by telegrams, telephone, and air mail letters. In 2007, she was decommissioned and sold to the city of Gunsan, South Korea for display in a maritime museum in a deal with the navy. At the Armor Training School in Ft. Knox, Kentucky, buildings were erected as exact mock-ups of an LST.
Post war they became HMS Messina (L112) and HMS Narvik (L114). The LST building program was unique in several respects. Of 1,051 actually constructed, 113 LSTs were transferred to Britain under the terms of Lend-Lease, and four more were turned over to the Greek Navy. The Newport type has been removed from the U.S. Navy, and Spanish Navy, Chile, Australia, and Malaysia but serves on in the navies of Brazil, Mexico, Morocco, Taiwan, in a modified form and soon with Peru. The bow door arrangements were similar to the LST (2), but the design arranged the bow ramp in two parts in an attempt to increase the number of beaches where direct discharge would be possible. Many LSTs were used as targets in aquatic nuclear testing after the war, being readily available and serving no apparent military applications. They had two Quonset huts erected on the main deck to accommodate 40 officers. LST -- Landing Ships, Tank Click on "LST-##" for link to page with specifications, history, photographs (where available). Unloading is accomplished through the use of a 112-foot (34 m) ramp operated over the bow and supported by twin derrick arms. Additionally, many of the LSTs were demilitarized and sold to the private sector, along with thousands of other transport ships, contributing to a major downturn in shipbuilding in the United States following the war. Two LST (3)s were converted during building into Headquarters command ships LST (Q). The arrangements were generally an improvement over the LST (2), but suffered from a deeper draught, and, to some extent, from the haste of construction. The LSTs needed to comply with Board of Trade regulations, and to be brought up to merchant navy standards, which involved lengthy alterations including extra accommodation. The preliminary plans initially called for an LST 280 feet (85 m) in length; but, in January 1942, the Bureau of Ships discarded these drawings in favor of specifications for a ship 290 feet (88 m) long. The keel of the first LST was laid down on 10 June 1942 at Newport News, Virginia, and the first standardized LSTs were floated out of their building dock in October. [18] Additionally, LSTs were used for transport in the building of an Air Force base at Thule, Greenland during the Korean War. Empire Cedric was the first vessel of the ASN fleet to hold a Passenger Certificate, and was allowed to carry fifty passengers. Modified funnels and navigational aids had also to be provided before they could enter service. These vessels were LSTs 3519, 3534, and 3512. Calling a vessel 300 ft (91 m) long a "craft" was considered a misnomer and the type was re-christened "Landing Ship, Tank (2)", or "LST (2)". This historic building remains at Fort Knox today. A major task at the end of World War II was the redistribution of stores and equipment worldwide. Following the Rotterdam maiden voyage, ASN used their new vessels to transfer thousands of vehicles for the Army from Tilbury to Hamburg, later moved to Antwerp in 1955.
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