sumatra tsunami

[21], Great earthquakes, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, are associated with megathrust events in subduction zones. [132][133] In 2008, a team of scientists working on Phra Thong, a barrier island along the hard-hit west coast of Thailand, reported evidence of at least three previous major tsunamis in the preceding 2,800 years, the most recent from about 700 years ago. The killer waves even reached 5,000 miles away in South Africa, where two people perished. The tsunami effects on two of the islands, Breueh Island and Nasi, were extreme, with a runup of 10–20 m (33–66 ft) on the west-facing shores. so they could not afford to spend much on preparation and prevention. [37] Because of tidal effects of the Moon, the length of a day increases at an average of 15 microseconds per year, so any rotational change due to the earthquake will be lost quickly. Toward the end of this simulated 48 hours of activity the wave animation will transition to the "energy map" of a mathematical surface representing the maximum rise in sea-level on the open ocean caused by the tsunami, a pattern that indicates that the kinetic energy of the tsunami was not distributed evenly across the oceans but instead forms a highly directional "beam" such that the tsunami was far more severe in the middle of the "beam" of energy than on its sides. This earthquake began at its epicenter near northern Sumatra and moved the earth's crust an average of 15 m (50 ft.) as it ruptured northward for at least 1200 km (750 mi.) There were no tsunami warning systems in the Indian Ocean to detect tsunamis or to warn the general population living around the ocean. Bangladesh, which lies at the northern end of the Bay of Bengal, had few casualties despite being a low-lying country relatively near the epicentre. Early speculation was that some of the smaller islands south-west of Sumatra, which is on the Burma Plate (the southern regions are on the Sunda Plate), might have moved south-west by up to 36 m (120 ft), but more accurate data released more than a month after the earthquake found the movement to be about 200 mm (8 in). A series of massive tsunami waves grew up to 30 m (100 ft) high once heading inland, after being created by the underwater seismic activity offshore. Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and local authorities typically have. Food aid was provided to millions of people, eg from the World Food Programme. The measured tsunami height on this beach was 5.8 m (19 ft). [80] The 13 km (8.1 mi) Marina Beach in Chennai was battered by the tsunami which swept across the beach taking morning walkers unaware. Ghosh Roy. NOAA's web link compilation of links for the Sumatra tsunami includes: Field Helping restore the quality of drinking water after the tsunami. The area toward the sea was wiped clean of nearly every structure, while closer to the river, dense construction in a commercial district showed the effects of severe flooding. In Sri Lanka, the civilian casualties were second only to those in Indonesia. and many [80], The tsunami effects varied greatly across different coastal areas according to the number of waves experienced, the inundation distance and height of waves, and the population density of the area, and topological and geographical features. In some cases, there are no warning signs at all: the sea will suddenly swell without retreating, surprising many people and giving them little time to flee. The two main occupations affected by the tsunami were fishing and tourism. and illustrations. [134], The 2004 earthquake and tsunami combined is the world's deadliest natural disaster since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. The inundation distance is about 5 km (3.1 mi). accounts, photos, It also benefited from the fact that the earthquake proceeded more slowly in the northern rupture zone, greatly reducing the energy of the water displacements in that region. nearby areas where the wave may have been as high as 25 meters (80 feet) tall Epidemics were of particular concern due to the high population density and tropical climate of the affected areas. It also causes the death of plants and important soil micro-organisms. Preliminary estimates indicate that 66% of the fishing fleet and industrial infrastructure in coastal regions have been destroyed by the wave surges, which will have adverse economic effects both at local and national levels. Moments later, the ocean floor was exposed to as much as 1 km (0.62 mi) in places due to drawback (negative wave), which was followed by a massive second tsunami wave. The Indian Ocean Tsunami warning system was formed in early 2005 to provide an early warning of tsunamis for inhabitants around the Indian Ocean coasts. Uncountable wells that served communities were invaded by sea, sand, and earth; and aquifers were invaded through porous rock. According to interviews, the leading wave produced an initial depression, called a tsunami drawback or "disappearing sea" effect and the second wave was larger. The tsunami first struck on the eastern coastline and subsequently refracted around the southern point of Sri Lanka (Dondra Head). Consequently, tsunami runup heights vary from 5 m (16 ft) to 9 m (30 ft) with inundation distances varying from 44 m (144 ft) to 704 m (2,310 ft). Around 289 fatalities were reported in the Horn of Africa, drowned by four tsunami waves. Thousands of rice, mango, and banana plantations in Sri Lanka were destroyed almost entirely and will take years to recover. The December 26, 2004 Sumatran All of them are believed to be greater than magnitude 9, but no accurate measurements were available at the time. [17] Although the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has accepted these new numbers, the United States Geological Survey has so far not changed its estimate of 9.1. [123] Even though only coastal regions were directly affected by the waters of the tsunami, the indirect effects have spread to inland provinces as well. people from nations in the region and tourists from around the world, www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/sumatra20041226.html. [119][120] In Sri Lanka artisanal fishery, where the use of fish baskets, fishing traps, and spears are commonly used, is an important source of fish for local markets; industrial fishery is the major economic activity, providing direct employment to about 250,000 people. In the Krishna district, the tsunami created havoc in Manginapudi and on Machalipattanam Beach. "Indian Ocean Tsunami Information Center | Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System | What is IOTWS", National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "United Nations: World Food Programme: Report on the Tsunami Crisis", "The Asian Tsunami: Aid and Reconstruction after a Disaster", "15 tsunami aid staff executed in Sri Lanka", M9.1 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake & Tsunami, 2004, Asian Tsunami Anniversary – Thailand Tsunami Then and Now Comparison Series, Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on India, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami&oldid=985102117, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, All Wikipedia articles needing words, phrases or quotes attributed, Wikipedia articles needing words, phrases or quotes attributed from September 2018, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2015, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 15–30 m (49–98 ft) on the west coast of Aceh, 6–12 m (20–39 ft) on the Banda Aceh coast, 3–6 m (9.8–19.7 ft) on the north coast of, 3 m (9.8 ft) on the opposite side of the coast of Weh Island facing the tsunami, 3–6 m (9.8–19.7 ft) along the west coast of Phuket island, 3 m (9.8 ft) along the south coast of Phuket island, 2 m (6 ft 7 in) along the east coast of Phuket island, 5 m (16 ft) at Hat Praphat (Ranong Coastal Resources Research Station), 3.4 m (11 ft) at Kerala, inundation distance of 0.5–1.5 km (0.31–0.93 mi) with 250 km (160 mi) of coastline affected, 4.5 m (15 ft) at the southern coastline of Tamil Nadu, inundation distance of 0.2–2 km (0.12–1.24 mi) with 100 km (62 mi) of coastline affected, 5 m (16 ft) at the eastern coastline of Tamil Nadu facing tsunami source, inundation distance of 0.4–1.5 km (0.25–0.93 mi) with 800 km (500 mi) of coastline affected, 4 m (13 ft) at Pondicherry, inundation distance of 0.2–2 km (0.12–1.24 mi) with 25 km (16 mi) of coastline affected, 2.2 m (7.2 ft) at Andhra Pradesh, inundation distance of 0.2–1 km (0.12–0.62 mi) with 985 km (612 mi) of coastline affected, 5 m (16 ft) in maximum tsunami height with a run-up of 4.24 m (13.9 ft) at Chiriyatapu Beach, 5.5 m (18 ft) in maximum tsunami height and run-up at Corbyn's Cove Beach, 6.6 m (22 ft) in maximum tsunami height and run-up of 4.63 m (15.2 ft) at Wandoor Beach, 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) at Diglipur and Rangat at North Andaman Island, 10–12 m (33–39 ft) high at Malacca (in Car Nicobar Island) and at Hut Bay on, 3 m (9.8 ft) high at Port Blair on South Andaman Island, 1.3–2.4 m (4 ft 3 in–7 ft 10 in) at North Male Atoll, Male Island, 2 m (6 ft 7 in) at North Male Atoll, Huhule Island, 1.7–2.8 m (5 ft 7 in–9 ft 2 in) at South Male Atoll, Embudhu Finothu, 2.5–3.3 m (8 ft 2 in–10 ft 10 in) at Laamu Atoll, Fonadhoo Island, 2.2–2.9 m (7 ft 3 in–9 ft 6 in) at Laamu Atoll, Gan Island, 2.3–3 m (7 ft 7 in–9 ft 10 in) at North Male Atoll, Dhiffushi Island, 2.2–2.4 m (7 ft 3 in–7 ft 10 in) at North Male Atoll, Huraa Island, more than 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) at North Male Atoll, Kuda Huraa Island, 0.6–2.3 m (2 ft 0 in–7 ft 7 in) around the Ayeyarwady delta, Paint the Sky with Stars, Selected Poetry in Remembrance of the Boxing Day Tsunami 2004 (2005) edited by, This page was last edited on 23 October 2020, at 23:48. earthquake deformed the ocean floor, pushing the overlying water up into a tsunami Weather conditions, forecasts and analysis for the UK and the world. [82], In South Andaman, based on local eyewitnesses, there were three tsunami waves. [73] The degradation of the natural environment in Sri Lanka contributed to the high death tolls. Based on scientific surveys from Ayeyarwaddy Delta through Taninthayi Division, it is revealed that tsunami heights along the Myanmar coast were between 0.4–2.9 m (1 ft 4 in–9 ft 6 in). The only other recorded earthquakes of magnitude 9.0 or greater were off Kamchatka, Russia, on 4 November 1952 (magnitude 9.0)[22] and Tōhoku, Japan (magnitude 9.1) in March 2011. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. [83][84][85], At Port Blair, the water receded before the first wave, and the third wave was the tallest and caused the most damage. The slip did not happen instantaneously but took place in two phases over several minutes: The Maldives tsunami wave analysis: In Myanmar, the tsunami caused only moderate damage, which arrived between 2 and 5.5 hours after the earthquake. inland in this low-lying region. The India Plate meets the Burma Plate (which is considered a portion of the great Eurasian Plate) at the Sunda Trench. Trenton’s 1,400 Hessian defenders were still groggy from ...read more, Eight months after the United States enters World War I on behalf of the Allies, President Woodrow Wilson announces the nationalization of a large majority of the country’s railroads under the Federal Possession and Control Act.

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