theories of ethnic conflict

Furthermore, according to Petersen, when fear of another way of life, in this case a religious one. H��V[o�6}��!bE��e{��6`C��öE�-v��4�~��N��F�w��9�;66�e)(�OƔ�D�$�T�)!��7/~�yJ��ͯ��dh�2�x^�m'�*U ��$�Io޹��4+��۰��b��v�b��i��l��.$+�ȩHm�"�m�Ii�l"��mp�+�R��|�{�� Thus, many factors of emotions play a key roles in instances of ethnic conflict. Secondly, in his essay, “The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict,” Barry R. Posen argues that military advantage, technology, and geography are important variables in anarchic civil war. Thus, many factors of emotions play a key roles in instances of ethnic conflict. Petersen argues that this is the root of many ethnic conflicts around the world. Some grievances include, “ethnic or religious hatred, political repression, political exclusion, and economic inequality.” If that disadvantaged group has military and economic resources, than the conflict can become an all out war. For the case of war in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Pertersen’s theory of war and emotion also applies. For example, the Catholic Archbishop of Zagreb in Croatia named Alojzije Stepinac was hailed a Croatian hero, but many Serbs claimed he was a mass murderer. In fact, in his essay, “The Banality of ‘Ethnic War,’” John Muller writes that, “the casual notion that each ethnic or national group in Yugoslavia is united by deep bonds of affection is substantially flawed.” So, citizens of Croatia and Serbia are not bonded because instead of bonds to Yugoslavia, they are bonded by religion. This is because the offensive side understand the geography of its own land which is helpful in several ways. That way, they can prevent an aggressor attack from even happening. More specifically, he explains that the feeling of resentment, anger, fear, and rage all build up in the mind and cause urges of violence. While these two countries used to be sections of one country called Yugoslavia, they are vastly different. endstream endobj 31 0 obj <> endobj 32 0 obj <> endobj 33 0 obj <>stream For the case of war in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Pertersen’s theory of war and emotion also applies. To determine a catalyst for war in these conflicts, some theories of war will be analyzed and applied to the wars in Bosnia and Croatia in order to come to an understand of the causes of these similar wars. breaking out with more disastrous consequences. in Kenya, where ethnic violence flared up with terrifying consequences This book develops and expands on theories that Nuclear weapons are effective technology in war because they incite group thinking, and many countries will want nuclear weapons as well. Similarly, war broke out in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1992 over ethnic conflicts in the region. %%EOF Stokes, Gale, John Lamp eand Dennison Rusinow, “Instant History: Understanding the. This is because the offensive side understand the geography of its own land which is helpful in several ways. Slovenia and Croatia, failing to win Serbian agreement to their demands for greater autonomy, declared independence.” Therefore, the increase in ethnic tensions after the election led to the start of the all-out war between Croatia and Serbia. In their essay, “Greed and Grievance in Civil War,” Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler argue that economic and military opportunity fuel civil war in the presence of collective grievances. When this happened, those who opposed nationalist parties became violent. Thus, Petersen’s theory of war and emotions is aligned with the minority religions’ feelings of fear that eventually provoked war in Bosnia. Also, they can act preemptively if they sense that their aggressor is weak. h�bbd```b``V�� D� This is true in some recent wars in the Middle East. For the case of Croatia and Serbia, the conflict was caused by a seperation of a state into two religious sects. Contrary to that, in the actual 1990 election, 70% of the population voted for nationalist parties. In his book, From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict, Jack Snyder argues that a change in regime caused ethnic rifts to form in former Yugoslavia. !ʄ� ��\Y�L�8/��F��8>��j��t��5n�5�;��z? Many scholars disagree on the catalyst that provokes war. Many scholars disagree on the catalyst that provokes war. Figure 1 – Causes of Ethnic Conflict: Conceptual Framework . Then, the resentment can cause people to act violently against another ethnic group. In that poll, 74% of the Bosnia-Herzegovina population voted against nationalist parties. First, the offensive fighters know other people in the area who could potentially stand up for the same cause and those who could potentially oppose the cause. In his book, From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict. Also, the offensive knows the terrain of the land better than the defensive, so they are often better prepared for battle. Ultimately, Roger D. Petersen’s argument that ethnic conflict is caused by emotions was found to be true in the cases in both the wars of Bosnia and Serbia-Croatia. Additionally, when Croats began to rebel against Serbia, the archbishop thought that a free Croatia was the country’s, “God-granted blessing.” Kaplan writes that these religious differences fueled the animosity between Serbia and Croatia even though, “the Serbs and the Croats were, as regards race and language, originally one people” Overall, religious differences deteriorated the relationship between Serbs and Croats. �Ń�d,�d+�,�`�0�� 7L� �L`R,[f��I�.��"-�"�'A��7�d��۵D:��Hӽ R�%؄l ��k�.�FG�?ӿ� x'� Theories of Conflict Resolution and Their Applicability To Protracted Ethnic Conflicts Kumar Rupesinghe* International Peace Research Institute, Oslo 1. Furthermore, according to Petersen, when fear of another way of life, in this case a religious one. Thus, conflict broke out in Bosnia because of a rift between ethnic parties and nationalist parties within the state. Petersen, Roger, Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear Hatred, and Resentment in Twentieth. 4 (2004), pp. of ethnic conflict, and theories on post-Soviet extreme ethnic violence – that is ethnic war. h�b```f``*``e``�� Ȁ �@1V�@�U3��@N�"�$�AK7��Q�6^��J��j�J�B��oY?� , Jack Snyder argues that a change in regime caused ethnic rifts to form in former Yugoslavia. 0 �֙ Ethnic mobilization, both consensus and action mobilization, is one of the basic tools used by actors and leaders of conflicting groups in inter-ethnic conflict situations. Your email address will not be published. ;�qG��X:��XE��Ix>;�{>�zK��+"��q��[F�oM��+��ͱ�"��a��wİ��^ ��;}8��J��x`�L�Ò�-��| vt��;��T�m=��8Q��j��6â-��h�&�;�ǌ�*��R�Qk#\��e�Џ@K[/t0�wg�O�b��g�0#+=ԋO��BI~N��y]��F2�\��f�U�j��=��6��4�%�5�l�g"%+Dp�-�.468�.0��pN��i^#=bks�e��~��耥��+R��Z0��7��(�QT)�},YY\ʺ�r&��F-zjI� &��4��L{f�*�(��F�d�0N��[A:fo��ܞ,�f��i��4l�)Dt��bY��.TkҀ��+{��ؓ��:�Lo��-[�S��V��0�la�^��%�z��P�ɫG��d�`�o>�vxv�D�]Av��]�3�?��x��d�p�b��Fu��)�)�M��B��>��^�Wl�P'�쬺��eB��p��D��Ou��sqw��h�˾��_[��{&34�t�z��l[0v=�ֹh�k�UW��4��ھ~�:s��@�e-�3�ռ

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