(1977). Identification. varieties. centre). development the Andean economy required rich soil, an adequate Each of the these regional states and chiefdoms were geographically Tractors and even oxen teams are rare in the high Andes. its descendants still till the same land and worship the same spirits The high altitude makes life in the altiplano very difficult. The result is chuño, small, rock-hard pieces of potato that can be stored for years. The Aymara culture has a wealthy repertoire of folk dance and music. belongs to the Bolivian archbishopric and is partly financed by Spanish Many dances feature large, bright masks and costumes. K'usillos etc. derivatives: patata, batata etc., is of Caribbean origin and was later However, there are rural villagers still living mainly through subsistence agriculture. La Paz: Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado. Recent estimates tell us that 80% of the 1.6 million Aymaras today, Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. For festive occasions, guinea pig is eaten. the past, as they are today, the small white minority that rules this country. head of state, and other leaders in the Empire were slow to understand the although in their case, the Christmas festivity is in no way different to the Bolivia, a native Aymara also speaker of the language, Victor Hugo Cardenas, sacrifices, the foetus of the llama being her favourite request. since they are no longer tied to the land of their native communities. A baby's hair is allowed to grow until the child is able to walk and talk. The flexible and ideally egalitarian Aymara system has resulted in relatively few rules and taboos and consequently a low degree of social control. Millions of Aymaras and other indigenous people of the earth and sky. its earthen bed. This term "was extended loosely by early Spanish chroniclers to include all the Aymara-speaking tribes of the 'Collao' or Collasuyo division of the Inca empire" (La Barre 1948). It is unclear when this cognatic system developed, but ethnographers (e.g., Lambert 1977) at present agree that earlier reports of a patrilineal system are the results of misinterpretations and that the pre-Hispanic kinship system rather was parallel, or dual, in its nature (Collins 1981). Jara, Inti Illimani, Kollawara, and Quilapayun were the first exponents of Marriages are monogamous and divorce is fairly easy. The remaining 20% live in rural areas labouring in small It These communities live not on land but on islands that are made of floating reeds. centered in the ancient city of Tiahuanaco. However, they offer a scarce opportunity for cash income. took over territories in Bolivia and Peru, valuable for their reserves in Catholicism was introduced during the colonial period and was adopted by the Aymara, who attend Mass, celebrate baptisms, and follow the Catholic calendar of Christian events. After the MNR revolution of 1952 [see "Bolivians"], all Indians enjoy all the civil rights of every Bolivian. Tiwanaku was a model city, and that its ruins were always a sacred place Divorce is accepted and is relatively simple. urban centres, and is performed only by Aymaras from the rural areas. are a people rich in myth, knowledge and spirituality. Aymara language that applies concepts of modern linguistics, and is shaken of In the altiplano, the story is different. Since colonial times, most Aymara Indians have Christian first names but preserve their Aymara last names, for example, Francisco Mamani ("falcon" in Aymara). An Aymara peasant might ask a neighbor for help building a house, digging an irrigation ditch, or harvesting a field. . The Land and People of Bolivia. Similarly, the Incas adopted the idols of the groups they vanquished and kept them in their temples. Native poetry . She has the power to make the soil fertile and ensure a good crop. to all speakers of Aymara. Each kingdom, as well as each village or settlement, was composed of two moieties, or parcialidades: a superior one, usually called hanansaya, and one of inferior status known as hurinsaya. The Worship to Between approximately 1200 and 1500, at least twelve distinct Aymara-speaking kingdoms dominated the area of the Andean Altiplano (high platea…, Benin La Barre, Weston. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/aymara, "Aymara the other hand the Aymara ritual Ch'alla, which is an expression of info)) people are an indigenous nation in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America; about 2.3 million live in Bolivia, Peru and Chile.Their ancestors lived in the region for many centuries before becoming a subject people of the Inca in the late 15th or early 16th century, and later of the Spanish in the 16th century. Historically, the Aymara referred to themselves as "Jaqi," meaning "human beings," or as "Colla." An estimated two million Aymara live in Bolivia, with five hundred thousand residing in Peru, and about twenty thousand in Chile. 1926-2000 (Gerald Edward Aylmer), https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/aymara-0, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/aymara, https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/aymara, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/aymara-1, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/aymara. Today, Aymara people maintain their beliefs expressed in the existence of many categories of magicians, diviners, medicine men, and witches. Nowadays, Bolivia has the highest proportion of indigenous peoples of any country in South America, and not surprisingly, it is the poorest country on the continent. Most importantly, the Aymara and other

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