Professor Barrett's research - due to be published in book form later this month -  has, for the first time, reconstructed the extraordinary political story of how and why the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD was exaggerated and then exploited for politically revolutionary purposes. War and military glory were an essential part of the Roman aristocratic ethos and, hence, of Roman political life. Please continue to respect all commenters and create constructive debates. The fall of Carthage and Corinth did not even mark a temporary end to warfare. Politically, psychologically and socially, Nero was one of the most interesting rulers of the ancient world. For political and perhaps for moral reasons, excessive abuse without hope of a remedy could not be permitted. But the new research reveals that it was the nature of the fire that seems to have turned that latent generalised aristocratic anti-imperial sentiment into a more focused anti-Nero crusade which ultimately led to a revolt which overthrew him. Just five years later, obsessed with power, the emperor she had created murdered her. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. All the new evidence on the Great Fire is about to be published in Professor Barrett's new book - Rome is Burning: Nero and the Fire that ended a Dynasty. Thus the limits of Roman power were gradually extended and the territories within them pacified, while men of noble stock rivaled the virtus of their ancestors and new men staked their own competing claims, winning glory essential to political advancement and sharing the booty with their officers and soldiers. It is not clear to what extent the temporary end of the age of major wars helped to produce the crisis of the Roman Republic. Apart from major wars still to come, small wars on the frontiers of Roman power—never precisely fixed—continued to provide an essential motive in Roman history: in Spain, Sardinia, Illyria, and Macedonia, barbarians could be defeated and triumphs won. Want to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? You can find our Community Guidelines in full here. Islamic rulers in places like Sicily and spain introduced Indian and Persian crops and technology like lemon and the sakia; making a city like palermo the third biggest city in all of Europe dispite sicily's own size. Roman revolution In 133 BC, Rome was a democracy. “The traditional theories that Nero himself started the fire, or that Christians started it (to hasten the second coming of Christ) are both almost certainly wrong. Some of the add-ons on this site are powered by, Alternate History Discussion: Before 1900. During the arab agricultural revolution agriculture in the middle east and beyond were made much more productive then they were before the AAR. Apart from major wars still to come, small wars on the frontiers of Roman power—never precisely fixed—continued to provide an essential motive in Roman history: in Spain, Sardinia, Illyria, and Macedonia, barbarians could be defeated and triumphs won. There was one problem: the book I started to write was bad. Cicero could still depict it as a major disgrace for Lucius Piso (consul; 58 bc) that he had won no triumph in the traditionally “triumphal” province of Macedonia. Interestingly, mid/late July, when the fire broke out, is by far the driest time of the year in Rome – and the period when any conflagration would have spread fastest. Like many populist political leaders in our 21st-century world, he was very much a 'Marmite' ruler! “Instead, the conflagration probably started in the southern half of the city – probably in some sort of workshop or storeroom,” he said. Nero appears to have sought to scapegoat Rome's small Christian community for the fire - and ancient sources suggest that he launched a persecution of them and that St Peter and St Paul will both executed during his reign.

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